本文针对Yii多表联查进行汇总描述,供大家参考,具体内容如下 1、多表联查实现方法
有两种方式一种使用DAO写SQL语句实现,这种实现理解起来相对轻松,只要保证SQL语句不写错就行了。缺点也很明显,比较零散,而且不符合YII的推荐框架,最重要的缺点在于容易写错。
还有一种便是下面要说的使用YII自带的CActiveRecord实现多表联查 2、 整体框架
我们需要找到一个用户的好友关系,用户的信息放在用户表中,用户之间的关系放在关系表中,而关系的内容则放在关系类型表中。明显的我们只需要以关系表为主表联查其他两个表即可。我主要从代码的角度,分析下实现的过程。 3、CActiveRecord
我们首先需要对3张表建立相应的model,下面是关系表的代码
SocialRelation.php
true),
// The following rule is used by search().
// Please remove those attributes that should not be searched.
array('relation_id, relation_type_id, user_id, another_user_id', 'safe', 'on'=>'search'),
);
}
/**
* @return array relational rules.
*/
public function relations()
{
// NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related
// class name for the relations automatically generated below.
return array(
'relationType' => array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'SocialRelationType', 'relation_type_id'),
'user' => array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'AccessUser', 'user_id'),
'anotherUser' => array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'AccessUser', 'another_user_id'),
);
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of models based on the current search/filter conditions.
* @return CActiveDataProvider the data provider that can return the models based on the search/filter conditions.
*/
public function search()
{
// Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that
// should not be searched.
return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array(
'criteria'=>$criteria,
));
}
}
为了描述方便我们约定 主表为A表(执行查询的那个表), 引用表为B表(外键所引用的表)
建议使用Gii自动生成模型,这样能够节省大量时间,为了测试方便,可以对主表生成CRUD,就是增删改查页面,其他的引用表只用生成model就行了。 1. model函数、tablename函数用于得到这个模型和得到数据库表基本信息。自动生成无需修改 2.rules函数,这个函数主要用于规定参数检验方式,注意即使有些参数不需要校验,也必须出现在rules中。不然模型将无法得到参数 3.relation函数,这个函数十分关键,用于定义表之间的关系,下面我将详细说明其中含义
'relationType' => array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'SocialRelationType', 'relation_type_id')
这句代码中结构如下
'VarName'=>array('RelationType', 'ClassName', 'ForeignKey', ...additional options)
VarName 是关系的名字,我们以后会用这个名字访问外键引用表的字段
RelationType是关系的类型,十分重要,如果设定错误会导致一些奇怪而且难以检查的错误,Yii一共提供了4种关系
BELONGS_TO(属于): 如果表 A 和 B 之间的关系是一对多,则 表 B 属于 表 A
HAS_MANY(有多个): 如果表 A 和 B 之间的关系是一对多,则 A 有多个 B
HAS_ONE(有一个): 这是 HAS_MANY 的一个特例,A 最多有一个 B
MANY_MANY: 这个对应于数据库中的 多对多关系
ClassName是引用表名,就是外键所引用的表的名字,也就是B表表名
ForeignKey是外键名,主要这里填写的是外键在主表中的名字,也就是外键在A表中的表名,切记不要填错了
如果B表中是双主键可以采用下列方式实现,从软件工程的角度不推荐这样的做法,每个表最好使用独立无意义主键,不然容易出现各种问题,而且不方便管理
'categories'=>array(self::MANY_MANY, 'Category',
'tbl_post_category(post_id, category_id)'),
additional option 附加选项,很少用到 4 attributeLabels函数,这就是表属性的显示名称了,有点点像powerdesigner中code和name的关系前面一部分为数据库字段名,后面一部分为显示名称 5 search函数,用于生成表查询结果的函数,可以在此加一些限制条件,具体的使用方法就不在这里说明了,可以参考API中CDbCriteria的讲解。如果使用Gii生成那么不需要怎么修改。
同理我们生成,剩下的两个引用表 关系类型表:SocialRelationType.php
10),
// The following rule is used by search().
// Please remove those attributes that should not be searched.
array('relation_type_id, relation_type_name', 'safe', 'on'=>'search'),
);
}
/**
* @return array relational rules.
*/
public function relations()
{
// NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related
// class name for the relations automatically generated below.
return array(
'socialRelations' => array(self::HAS_MANY, 'SocialRelation', 'relation_type_id'),
);
}
/**
* @return array customized attribute labels (name=>label)
*/
public function attributeLabels()
{
return array(
'relation_type_id' => 'Relation Type',
'relation_type_name' => 'Relation Type Name',
);
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of models based on the current search/filter conditions.
* @return CActiveDataProvider the data provider that can return the models based on the search/filter conditions.
*/
public function search()
{
// Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that
// should not be searched.
return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array(
'criteria'=>$criteria,
));
}
} 用户表:AccessUser.php
true),
array('name, password, salt, email', 'length', 'max'=>255),
array('lastlogin', 'safe'),
// The following rule is used by search().
// Please remove those attributes that should not be searched.
array('id, name, password, lastlogin, salt, email, status', 'safe', 'on'=>'search'),
);
}
/**
* @return array relational rules.
*/
public function relations()
{
// NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related
// class name for the relations automatically generated below.
return array(
'user_name' => array(self::HAS_MANY, 'SocialRelation', 'user_id'),
'anotherUser_name' => array(self::HAS_MANY, 'SocialRelation', 'another_user_id'),
);
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of models based on the current search/filter conditions.
* @return CActiveDataProvider the data provider that can return the models based on the search/filter conditions.
*/
public function search()
{
// Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that
// should not be searched.
return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array(
'criteria'=>$criteria,
));
}
} 4、Controller 三张表介绍完了后,下面就应当介绍Controller了,同样的我们使用Gii生成主表(A表)的CRUD后就能得到controller,我们只需要对其进行一些修改即可,代码如下
SocialRelationController.php
array('index','view'),
'users'=>array('*'),
),
array('allow', // allow authenticated user to perform 'create' and 'update' actions
'actions'=>array('create','update'),
'users'=>array('@'),
),
array('allow', // allow admin user to perform 'admin' and 'delete' actions
'actions'=>array('admin','delete'),
'users'=>array('admin'),
),
array('deny', // deny all users
'users'=>array('*'),
),
);
}
/**
* Displays a particular model.
* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be displayed
*/
public function actionView($id)
{
$this->render('view',array(
'model'=>$this->loadModel($id),
));
}
/**
* Creates a new model.
* If creation is successful, the browser will be redirected to the 'view' page.
*/
public function actionCreate()
{
$model=new SocialRelation;
// Uncomment the following line if AJAX validation is needed
// $this->performAjaxValidation($model);
/**
* Updates a particular model.
* If update is successful, the browser will be redirected to the 'view' page.
* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be updated
*/
public function actionUpdate($id)
{
$model=$this->loadModel($id);
// Uncomment the following line if AJAX validation is needed
// $this->performAjaxValidation($model);
/**
* Deletes a particular model.
* If deletion is successful, the browser will be redirected to the 'admin' page.
* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be deleted
*/
public function actionDelete($id)
{
$this->loadModel($id)->delete();
// if AJAX request (triggered by deletion via admin grid view), we should not redirect the browser
if(!isset($_GET['ajax']))
$this->redirect(isset($_POST['returnUrl']) ? $_POST['returnUrl'] : array('admin'));
}
/**
* Lists all models.
*/
public function actionIndex()
{
if(Yii::app()->user->id != null){
$dataProvider=new CActiveDataProvider(
'SocialRelation',
array('criteria'=>array('condition'=>'user_id='.Yii::app()->user->id,
))
);
$this->render('index',array(
'dataProvider'=>$dataProvider,
));
}
}
/**
* Manages all models.
*/
public function actionAdmin()
{
$model=new SocialRelation('search');
$model->unsetAttributes(); // clear any default values
if(isset($_GET['SocialRelation']))
$model->attributes=$_GET['SocialRelation'];
/**
* Returns the data model based on the primary key given in the GET variable.
* If the data model is not found, an HTTP exception will be raised.
* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be loaded
* @return SocialRelation the loaded model
* @throws CHttpException
*/
public function loadModel($id)
{
$model=SocialRelation::model()->findByPk($id);
if($model===null)
throw new CHttpException(404,'The requested page does not exist.');
return $model;
}
/**
* Performs the AJAX validation.
* @param SocialRelation $model the model to be validated
*/
protected function performAjaxValidation($model)
{
if(isset($_POST['ajax']) && $_POST['ajax']==='social-relation-form')
{
echo CActiveForm::validate($model);
Yii::app()->end();
}
}
}
简单介绍下其中各个函数和变量
$layout 就是布局文件的位置了,布局文件如何使用,这里不做讨论
filters 定义过滤器,这里面水很深
accessRules 访问方式,就是那些用户能够访问到这个模块
array('allow', // allow all users to perform 'index' and 'view' actions
'actions'=>array('index','view'),
'users'=>array('*'),
), allow 表示允许访问的规则如下,deny表示拒绝访问的规则如下。 action表示规定规则使用的动作 user表示规则适用的用户群组,*表示所有用户,@表示登录后的用户,admin表示管理员用户
actionXXX 各个action函数
这里值得注意的是 这个函数
public function actionIndex()
{
if(Yii::app()->user->id != null){
$dataProvider=new CActiveDataProvider(
'SocialRelation',
array('criteria'=>array('condition'=>'user_id='.Yii::app()->user->id,
))
);
$this->render('index',array(
'dataProvider'=>$dataProvider,
));
}